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Abstract Here we present aboveground biomass (AGB) estimates from individual tree diameters scaled to whole‐tree biomass estimates using generalized allometric equations for 35 National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) sites within the United States and Puerto Rico. These data are in both a standalone data file made publicly available via Figshare and as an R data package (NEONForestAGB) that allows for direct import of data into the R statistical computing environment. AGB is an Essential Climate Variable (ECV), yet biomass estimation from large forest inventory data can be cumbersome. Here we seek to provide a useful data set for community use from NEON data. The data set includes 92,281 unique individuals of 478 different species from 1,216 terrestrial observation plots for 360,570 biomass estimates between the years 2014 and 2023. 

Abstract Increasing fine root carbon (FRC) inputs into soils has been proposed as a solution to increasing soil organic carbon (SOC). However, FRC inputs can also enhance SOC loss through priming. Here, we tested the broad-scale relationships between SOC and FRC at 43 sites across the US National Ecological Observatory Network. We found that SOC and FRC stocks were positively related with an across-ecosystem slope of 7 ± 3 kg SOC m⁻²per kg FRC m⁻², but this relationship was driven by grasslands. Grasslands had double the across-ecosystem slope while forest FRC and SOC were unrelated. Furthermore, deep grassland soils primarily showed net SOC accrual relative to FRC input. Conversely, forests had high variability in whether FRC inputs were related to net SOC priming or accrual. We conclude that while FRC increases could lead to increased SOC in grasslands, especially at depth, the FRC-SOC relationship remains difficult to characterize in forests.